Author: Michael G

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Créditos: Rede Globo de Televisão

Sadiq Khan has made a direct plea to the one million EU citizens living in London to support him in May’s mayoral election – the last time they could be allowed to vote before new Brexit rules come into force.

It’s stuff like these that make Drupal not just powerful, but also highly customizable and user-friendly. What are we talking about? Tokens! It’s one of the most versatile and super handy Drupal modules.​​ Sometimes, users need to establish a specific pattern to programmatically retrieve values. In these instances, tokens come to the rescue, providing a seamless solution. Read on to find out more about tokens and how you can create custom tokens for your Drupal website.

What are Tokens
Tokens in Drupal are primarily used for dynamically inserting data into content, such as user information, node details, or site settings. They make content more personalized and automated without manual intervention, streamlining the editing process and enhancing user experiences. For example, they can be used while sending emails during webform submissions or content moderation.
Before creating custom tokens you need to have the Drupal tokens module installed on your Drupal site. This contributed module already comes with some predefined tokens. These defined tokens can be used globally.

Steps to Create Custom Tokens
Step 1: Create a custom moduleTo create a custom token in Drupal, we either need to develop a new custom module or incorporate it into an existing one. For example, let’s name the module “Custom Token,” and the corresponding directory would be named “custom_token.” After creating this folder, we should generate a “custom_token.info.yml” file, where we’ll specify the module details.
name: Custom token
type: module
description: Provides custom tokens.
package: tokens
core_version_requirement: ^10Step 2: Clear the cacheAfter adding this code, clear the cache and refresh the page to apply the changes. Next, search for the custom token module and install it.

Step 3: Create the custom tokenOnce the module is installed, create a file named “custom_token.tokens.inc” within the folder. Inside this file, we’ll define the custom tokens. In the given scenario, there’s a webform for reviewing article content, and a link to this webform is added to the detailed page of articles. Now, the URL to the webform appears as follows:‘webform/contact_new/test?article=1’. The article field is also auto-filled based on the token.

Here, the article author is a hidden field that should auto-fill after form submission. Additionally, the article author is a field within the article content type. To dynamically retrieve this data, we need to create a custom token.
The code that will be added inside the “tokens.inc” file is provided below.
<?php
/**
* @file
* File to add custom token.
*/
use DrupalCoreRenderBubbleableMetadata;
/**
* Implements hook_token_info().
*/
function custom_token_token_info() {
  $types[‘article’] = [
    ‘name’ => t(‘Custom token’),
    ‘description’ => t(‘Define custom tokens.’),
  ];
  $tokens[‘article_title’] = [
    ‘name’ => t(‘Article title’),
    ‘description’ => t(‘Token to get current article title.’),
  ];
  $tokens[‘article_author’] = [
    ‘name’ => t(‘Article author’),
    ‘description’ => t(‘Token to get current article author.’),
  ];
  return [
    ‘types’ => $types,
    ‘tokens’ => [‘article’ => $tokens],
  ];
}
/**
* Implements hook_tokens().
*/
function custom_token_tokens($type, $tokens, array $data, array $options, BubbleableMetadata $bubbleable_metadata) {
  $replacements = [];
  if ($type == ‘article’) {
    $nid = Drupal::request()->query->get(‘article’);
    if ($nid) {
      $node_details = Drupal::entityTypeManager()->getStorage(‘node’)->load($nid);
    }
    foreach ($tokens as $name => $original) {
      // Find the desired token by name.
      switch ($name) {
        case ‘article_author’:
          if ($node_details) {
            $user_id = $node_details->field_author->target_id;
            if ($user_id) {
              $user_details = Drupal::entityTypeManager()->getStorage(‘user’)->load($user_id);
              $replacements[$original] = $user_details->name->value;
            }
          }
          break;
          case ‘article_title’:
          if ($node_details) {
            $replacements[$original] = $node_details->label();
          }
          break;
      }
    }
  }
  return $replacements;
}And this is how we can craft custom tokens to suit our specific needs. Once implemented, the webform results will seamlessly display the auto-filled value.

Final Thoughts
Drupal’s power lies not just in its functionality, but in its adaptability and ease of use. Tokens are an example of this versatility, since they offer a way to dynamically retrieve data as well as personalize content. Tokens streamline processes and improve user experience, whether they are used for user information, node details, or site settings.

Ruby’s NotImplementedError exception is often used as a placeholder in abstract classes for methods that should be implemented by subclasses. But did you know that this is not how this exception class was intended to be used?