Note: This blog was originally published on November 2, 2022 and has been updated to reflect new information and insights.

Search Engine Optimization or SEO is what we do to ensure our website is as visible as possible to our target markets when they search for topics related to our website on Google, Bing, and other search engines. We do this by optimizing our website for users while following search engine guidelines.

There are scenarios where a combination of columns needs to be used as the primary key. This is where composite primary keys come into play. This article explores composite primary keys, how they work in Rails, when they should be used, and what to consider when using them.

Ruby 3.2.3 has been released.

This release includes many bug-fixes.
See the GitHub releases for further details.

This release also includes the update of uri.gem to 0.12.2 which contains the security fix.
Please check the topics below for details.

• CVE-2023-36617: ReDoS vulnerability in URI

Download

• https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/3.2/ruby-3.2.3.tar.gz

  SIZE: 20577155
  SHA1: 7f553e514cb42751a61c3a560a7e8d727c6931ca
  SHA256: af7f1757d9ddb630345988139211f1fd570ff5ba830def1cc7c468ae9b65c9ba
  SHA512: 75aecd9cf87f1fa66b24ecda8837a53162071b4f8801dcfd79119a24c6e81df3e3e2ba478e1cc48c60103dfaab12a00cfa2039a621f8651298eba8bd8d576360
  

• https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/3.2/ruby-3.2.3.tar.xz

  SIZE: 15163960
  SHA1: 08e0016c8b96103930aaa3b2323081d8f5756e25
  SHA256: cfb231954b8c241043a538a4c682a1cca0b2016d835fee0b9e4a0be3ceba476b
  SHA512: d2a1897c2f4e801a28acb869322abfee76775115016252cecad90639485ed51deda1446cb16edb387f10a2e188602d646ef9b008b57f27bd745071277c535f3b
  

• https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/3.2/ruby-3.2.3.zip

  SIZE: 24734275
  SHA1: e305dfe36229c5328d231ea0ac03ae5e05bfaca6
  SHA256: 42aa39f74e5be9e24e4db47e7bfb15dc7e095f7e2295859b355edccf6fab96a2
  SHA512: fd89a0a833df4b5cb1734a7ffc86a8cf7cb3a8e25944331db674d3ad7732f615867e7e214e1fdd61e44e9c9c856b461b46219b340de7c87a758f28f3a99dd172
  

Release Comment

Many committers, developers, and users who provided bug reports helped us make this release.
Thanks for their contributions.

Posted by nagachika on 18 Jan 2024

Theo de Raadt (deraadt@)
has committed (to -current) the remaining parts required to get
pinsyscalls(2)
working in anger.

The commits were:

1. This,
   

   CVSROOT:	/cvs
   Module name:	src
   Changes by:	deraadt@cvs.openbsd.org	2024/01/16 12:05:01
   
   Modified files:
   	sys/sys        : exec.h proc.h syscall_mi.h 
   	sys/kern       : exec_elf.c kern_exec.c kern_exit.c kern_fork.c 
   	sys/uvm        : uvm_map.c uvm_map.h uvm_mmap.c 
   
   Log message:
   The kernel will now read pinsyscall tables out of PT_OPENBSD_SYSCALLS in
   the main program or ld.so, and accept a submission of that information
   for libc.so from ld.so via pinsyscalls(2).  At system call invocation,
   the syscall number is matched to the specific address it must come from.
   ok kettenis, gnezdo, testing of variations by many people
   

2. this,
   

   CVSROOT:	/cvs
   Module name:	src
   Changes by:	deraadt@cvs.openbsd.org	2024/01/16 12:07:31
   
   Modified files:
   	libexec/ld.so  : library.c library_mquery.c loader.c resolve.c 
   	                 resolve.h 
   
   Log message:
   Read PT_OPENBSD_SYSCALLS in libc.so, and convert it to a table for
   pinsyscalls(2).
   ok kettenis
   

3. and this:
   

   CVSROOT:	/cvs
   Module name:	src
   Changes by:	deraadt@cvs.openbsd.org	2024/01/16 12:08:37
   
   Modified files:
   	bin/ps         : print.c ps.1 
   
   Log message:
   print flag 'l' for base program or ld.so being under pinsyscalls enforcement,
   and 'L' for libc.so.  This flag printing may be deleted once we are entirely
   confident this is working correctly.
   ok kettenis
   

This means, once again, that if you feel up to it, it is time to grab the most recent snapshot and test intensively, reporting back any problems or oddities you may encounter.

We silently skipped releasing in December (it was too close to the
holidays, a lot of people were away) so by date you may have been
expecting alpha 4, but instead it’s alpha 3:

This is an early developer preview of Python 3.13

Major new features of the 3.13 series, compared to 3.12

Python 3.13 is still in development. This release, 3.13.0a3, is the third of six planned alpha releases.

Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current
state of new features and bug fixes and to test the release process.

During the alpha phase, features may be added up until the start of
the beta phase (2024-05-07) and, if necessary, may be modified or
deleted up until the release candidate phase (2024-07-30). Please keep
in mind that this is a preview release and its use is not recommended for production environments.

Many new features for Python 3.13 are still being planned and written. Work continues apace on both the work to remove the Global Interpeter Lock , and to improve Python performance. The most notable changes so far:

• In the interactive interpreter, exception tracebacks are now colorized by default .
• Docstrings now have their leading indentation stripped , reducing memory use and the size of .pyc files. (Most tools handling docstrings already strip leading indentation.)
• PEP 594 (Removing dead batteries from the standard library) scheduled removals of many deprecated modules: aifc, audioop, chunk, cgi, cgitb, crypt, imghdr, mailcap, msilib, nis, nntplib, ossaudiodev, pipes, sndhdr, spwd, sunau, telnetlib, uu, xdrlib, lib2to3.
• Many other removals of deprecated classes, functions and methods in various standard library modules.
• New deprecations , most of which are scheduled for removal from Python 3.15 or 3.16.
• C API removals and deprecations. (Some removals present in alpha 1 have been reverted in alpha 2, as the removals were deemed too disruptive at this time.)

(Hey, fellow core developer, if a feature you find important is missing from this list, let Thomas know.)

The next pre-release of Python 3.13 will be 3.13.0a4, currently scheduled for 2023-02-13.

 

More resources

• Online Documentation
• PEP 719 , 3.13 Release Schedule
• Report bugs at Issues · python/cpython · GitHub.
• Help fund Python and its community.

 

Enjoy the new releases

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development
and these releases possible! Please consider supporting our efforts by
volunteering yourself or through organization contributions to the
Python Software Foundation.

Regards from snowy Amsterdam,

Your release team,
Thomas Wouters
Ned Deily
Steve Dower
Łukasz Langa

Staff seat board member and senior sysadmin Ian Kelling shares
his personal musings on the board process improvements, his
experience working at the Free Software Foundation (FSF), why
Service as a Software Substitute (SaaSS) should get more
attention, some lessons learned from the GNU Tools Cauldron,
FSF’s legal defense of GCC, and why the FSF needs
your financial support.

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