If you have any programming experience, then you should already have an understanding of the Function. A Function is a set of commands that you utilize multiple times. We can set the Function up one time and called as many times as we need.
Structure
Each script can have multiple Functions, but we must lay them out as one of the following:
function_name() {
command1…
Foundation growth driven by organizations seeing new use cases that require modular solutions to build the future of 3D technology SAN FRANCISCO – September 7, 2022 – As gaming increasingly becomes a mobile-first experience, OPPO and Heroic Labs are joining as Premier and General members, respectively, of the Open 3D Foundation (O3DF). The two companies […]
The post Open 3D Foundation Welcomes New Members OPPO and Heroic Labs as Community Optimizes Software to Embrace Mobile-First Gaming appeared first on Linux.com.
We are pleased to announce the release of the messenger-cli application.
The application is a counterpart for the terminal to the previous release of the GTK application using the GNUnet Messenger service. The goal is to provide private and secure communication between any group of devices. So server admins or users relying on a terminal focused window manager have now a proper option to utilize the service as well.
The application provides the following features:
The application utilizes the previously released library “libgnunetchat” in an user interface built with ncurses. It will adapt its different views depending on the terminal size to show most important information. The navigation is done via arrow-, ESCAPE, TAB, ENTER and DELETE keys. More information about that can be found
here
.
The GPG key used to sign is:
3D11063C10F98D14BD24D1470B0998EF86F59B6A
Note that due to mirror synchronization, not all links might be functional
early after the release. For direct access try
http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gnunet/
A detailed list of changes can be found in the
ChangeLog
.
In addition to this list, you may also want to consult our bug tracker at
bugs.gnunet.org
.
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WordPress Gutenberg is a completely redesigned and reimagined editor. This is a great treat for WordPress users who see the editor as a simple fix for a series of problems. In fact, users who directly deal with content production (bloggers, editors, copywriters) have only good things to say about the Gutenberg editor.
It has replaced the WordPress Classic Editor, TinyMCE and has become a part of the WordPress core with WordPress 5.0 onwards.
Gutenberg WordPress Editor elevates the experience of creating posts and pages to a new level — enriching the experience of creating content. It’s not just a simple tool that you can use to write the perfect blog posts, but a powerful visual editor. It is based on a block architecture that allows users to create any type of content conveniently.
In order to eliminate shortcodes and manual HTML blocks and to greatly simplify the process of editing and publishing content, Gutenberg provides dynamic blocks, thus making content creation and page management more user-friendly.
________________________________________________
I am sharing Full Video Course of “How to use WordPress Gutenberg”.
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Drupal’s contribution credit system continues to be unique in open source, in that it provides an attribution and incentive system to encourage greater contribution to the Drupal project, both from individuals and organizations.
Recently, there’s been discussion within the Drupal community on what makes a ‘high’ vs ‘low-value’ contribution. There’s a perception from some community members that some contributors may be using low effort, low value contributions to gain a more favorable placement within the Drupal Marketplace. Some examples of low-value contributions that people have given include posting unnecessary screenshots to issues, or running automated tooling against many projects to fix minor code quality issues.
As we evaluate these concerns, it’s important to remember that contribution recognition is not a zero-sum game. There is no ‘winning’ contribution.
We very much want many people to be recognized for their contributions, and we want to see new faces in the issue queues. Some contributions which may seem simplistic or low-value may also just be good entry points for someone first beginning a contribution journey, and we should always use these examples as an opportunity to help an individual or organization ‘level-up’ their contribution skills.
At the same time though, we want recognition to be proportional to the effort put in, and we want our project maintainers, who ultimately control who gets credit for contributions to their projects, to feel encouraged by seeing new faces and not burnt out by policing the system.
The Drupal Marketplace is intended to showcase organizations that contribute back to Drupal. This includes not only code, but non-code contributions such as testing functionality, event organizing, speaking, volunteering, and more.
The more work an organization contributes, the higher they will be ranked within the marketplace. This, in turn, leads to more job opportunities and leads.
Inevitably, contributors will try to maximize their contributions to gain a higher ranking. Is that okay? It certainly can be okay – this incentive exists because we want to further encourage contribution, but those contributions need to be authentic, and we hope to see new contributors develop their skills and increase the scope of their contributions over time.
Today, we are seeing a recent pattern with providing a lot of test screenshots. These can be valuable, but in some cases the users posting them aren’t even checking if they have a properly applied patch, so it’s difficult to rely on. This is partly because file attachments automatically pre-check the contribution box when users post them to issues, so that’s an area where we can use a technical solution to try and correct the situation.
The Drupal Association Engineering Team is making changes to the issue queues so that contributors that upload images will no longer be automatically assigned credit. By not having this auto-populate, the maintainer won’t have to spend time deselecting drive-by contributions of screenshots that were inauthentically posted or otherwise unhelpful.
Goodhart’s law is an adage often stated as, “When a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure”. Often invoked when discussing economics, it’s directly related to the issue at hand. Any deliberately designed incentive structure is going to result in people figuring out ways to maximize their results – that’s only to be expected.
But our firm belief is that with careful management, the system can still provide a good measure of contribution. Contribution credit is central to the Drupal ecosystem to help motivate contributors.
It’s difficult, if not impossible, to evaluate the quality of a contribution algorithmically, although there are some heuristics we can use. It is impossible to algorithmically determine the intend behind a contribution: was it an authentic first effort, or was it a cynical reach for low-hanging fruit.
We always want to assume good intent, and to use any opportunity we can as a teaching moment. But with collaboration across so many projects and so many people, we do need community standards and guidance to help.
The first step is to define what is high-value and what is low-value (or perhaps even to decide if these are the right terms!). The Drupal Association is putting together a small group composed of community members, DA board, and staff to create some documentation for exactly this. We have existing documentation that gives guidance on granting credit, but none that is oriented toward the contributor.
The goal of this documentation is to guide contributors on how they can help, and how to avoid being unhelpful through well thought out examples, and processes. This documentation can then be linked to within Drupal issues when a maintainer feels that a contribution was unhelpful.
Our hope is that reading the documentation will be enough for any new contributors to realize when they are posting unnecessary and unhelpful contributions, and give them a clear pathway to making contributions that have a greater impact.
The Drupal Association is committed to making contributions as fair and equitable as possible. If you’d like to participate in a discussion to create documentation, please reach out by October 1st.
We are pleased to announce the release of Ruby 3.2.0-preview2. Ruby 3.2 adds many features and performance improvements.
This is an initial port of WASI based WebAssembly support. This enables a CRuby binary to be available on Web browser, Serverless Edge environment, and other WebAssembly/WASI embedders. Currently this port passes basic and bootstrap test suites not using Thread API.
WebAssembly (WASM) is originally introduced to run programs safely and fast in web browsers. But its objective – running programs efficinently with security on various environment – is long wanted not only by web but also by general applications.
WASI (The WebAssembly System Interface) is designed for such use cases. Though such applications need to communicate with operating systems, WebAssembly runs on a virtual machine which didn’t have a system interface. WASI standardizes it.
WebAssembly/WASI Support in Ruby intends to leverage those projects. It enables Ruby developers to write applications which runs on such promised platform.
This support encourages developers can utilize CRuby in WebAssembly environment. An example use case of it is TryRuby playground’s CRuby support. Now you can try original CRuby in your web browser.
Today’s WASI and WebAssembly itself has some missing features to implement Fiber, exception, and GC because it’s still evolving and also for security reasons. So CRuby fills the gap by using Asyncify, which is a binary transformation technique to control execution in userland.
In addition, we built a VFS on top of WASI so that we can easily pack Ruby apps into a single .wasm file. This makes distribution of Ruby apps a bit easier.
A timeout feature for Regexp matching is introduced.
Regexp.timeout = 1.0
/^a*b?a*$/ =~ "a" * 50000 + "x"
#=> Regexp::TimeoutError is raised in one second
It is known that Regexp matching may take unexpectedly long. If your code attempts to match an possibly inefficient Regexp against an untrusted input, an attacker may exploit it for efficient Denial of Service (so-called Regular expression DoS, or ReDoS).
The risk of DoS can be prevented or significantly mitigated by configuring Regexp.timeout according to the requirements of your Ruby application. Please try it out in your application and welcome your feedback.
Note that Regexp.timeout is a global configuration. If you want to use different timeout settings for some special Regexps, you may want to use timeout keyword for Regexp.new.
Regexp.timeout = 1.0
# This regexp has no timeout
long_time_re = Regexp.new("^a*b?a*$", timeout: nil)
long_time_re =~ "a" * 50000 + "x" # never interrupted
The original proposal is https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17837
We no longer bundle 3rd party sources like libyaml, libffi.
libyaml source has been removed from psych. You may need to install libyaml-dev with Ubuntu/Debian platfrom. The package name is different each platforms.
libffi will be removed from fiddle at preview2
Anonymous rest and keyword rest arguments can now be passed as
arguments, instead of just used in method parameters.
[Feature #18351]
def foo(*)
bar(*)
end
def baz(**)
quux(**)
end
A proc that accepts a single positional argument and keywords will
no longer autosplat. [Bug #18633]
proc{|a, **k| a}.call([1, 2])
# Ruby 3.1 and before
# => 1
# Ruby 3.2 and after
# => [1, 2]
Constant assignment evaluation order for constants set on explicit
objects has been made consistent with single attribute assignment
evaluation order. With this code:
foo::BAR = baz
foo is now called before baz. Similarly, for multiple assignments
to constants, left-to-right evaluation order is used. With this
code:
foo1::BAR1, foo2::BAR2 = baz1, baz2
The following evaluation order is now used:
foo1foo2baz1baz2Find pattern is no longer experimental.
[Feature #18585]
Methods taking a rest parameter (like *args) and wishing to delegate keyword
arguments through foo(*args) must now be marked with ruby2_keywords
(if not already the case). In other words, all methods wishing to delegate
keyword arguments through *args must now be marked with ruby2_keywords,
with no exception. This will make it easier to transition to other ways of
delegation once a library can require Ruby 3+. Previously, the ruby2_keywords
flag was kept if the receiving method took *args, but this was a bug and an
inconsistency. A good technique to find the potentially-missing ruby2_keywords
is to run the test suite, for where it fails find the last method which must
receive keyword arguments, use puts nil, caller, nil there, and check each
method/block on the call chain which must delegate keywords is correctly marked
as ruby2_keywords. [Bug #18625] [Bug #16466]
def target(**kw)
end
# Accidentally worked without ruby2_keywords in Ruby 2.7-3.1, ruby2_keywords
# needed in 3.2+. Just like (*args, **kwargs) or (...) would be needed on
# both #foo and #bar when migrating away from ruby2_keywords.
ruby2_keywords def bar(*args)
target(*args)
end
ruby2_keywords def foo(*args)
bar(*args)
end
foo(k: 1)
require "set". [Feature #16989]Set constant or a call to Enumerable#to_set.keyword_init: true on Struct.new [Feature #16806]Note: Excluding feature bug fixes.
The following deprecated constants are removed.
Fixnum and Bignum [Feature #12005]Random::DEFAULT [Feature #17351]Struct::GroupStruct::PasswdThe following deprecated methods are removed.
Dir.exists? [Feature #17391]File.exists? [Feature #17391]Kernel#=~ [Feature #15231]Kernel#taint, Kernel#untaint, Kernel#tainted?Kernel#trust, Kernel#untrust, Kernel#untrusted?Psych no longer bundles libyaml sources.The following deprecated APIs are removed.
rb_cData variable.The following default gem are updated.
The following bundled gems are updated.
The following default gems are now bundled gems. You need to add the following libraries to Gemfile under the bundler environment.
See NEWS
or commit logs
for more details.
With those changes, 2393 files changed, 168931 insertions(+), 113411 deletions(-)
since Ruby 3.1.0!
https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/3.2/ruby-3.2.0-preview2.tar.gz
SIZE: 19816780
SHA1: 2106c77fc1600daf41ae137ecc4cf7937e27f67f
SHA256: 8a78fd7a221b86032f96f25c1d852954c94d193b9d21388a9b434e160b7ed891
SHA512: 5e9ddcb1a43cff449b0062cc716bfb80a9ebbb14a1b063f34005e2998c2c5033badb44e882232db9b2fceda9376f6615986e983511fda2575d60894752b605cc
https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/3.2/ruby-3.2.0-preview2.tar.xz
SIZE: 14578112
SHA1: 538b3ea4dc0d99f60f8bd6f71e65a56ceeb41c18
SHA256: 01fac0929dccdabc0686c1109da6c187897a401da9ff8851242befa92f7fd430
SHA512: 0f4cc919284fdfa1a42b6381760d1b3a4660da4b0fcdd2adf01ea04a425548b3c5ac090866915675db73964a1055090e54dd97cf4628cbb69403e541c71c28ff
https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/3.2/ruby-3.2.0-preview2.zip
SIZE: 24150109
SHA1: 69ffffc52cad626166f73f21f25c29c9d73fe0e8
SHA256: 67f9ad3110be1975b3ce547c0a6e2c910dfc1945fd6e9bb1bd340568897c6554
SHA512: 1447e099e7a8da0ff206fda6f4e466640d6e86e9da8148315ab0154684b1fd22c02c0022b5a2f4d3fc00103b4e8cef8e35a770174921fd8c6abeca9ad41c1818
Ruby was first developed by Matz (Yukihiro Matsumoto) in 1993,
and is now developed as Open Source. It runs on multiple platforms
and is used all over the world especially for web development.
Posted by naruse on 9 Sep 2022