Announcing the Launch of the Chrome Root Program

In 2020, we announced we were in the early phases of establishing the Chrome Root Program and launching the Chrome Root Store. 

The Chrome Root Program ultimately determines which website certificates are trusted by default in Chrome, and enables more consistent and reliable website certificate validation across platforms. 

This post shares an update on our progress and how these changes help us better protect Chrome’s users.


What’s a root store or root program, anyway?

Chrome uses digital certificates (often referred to as “certificates,” “HTTPS certificates,” or “server authentication certificates”) to ensure the connections it makes on behalf of its users are secure and private. Certificates are responsible for binding a domain name to a public key, which Chrome uses to encrypt data sent to and from the corresponding website. 

As part of establishing a secure connection to a website, Chrome verifies that a recognized entity known as a “Certification Authority” (CA) issued its certificate. Certificates issued by a CA not recognized by Chrome or a user’s local settings can cause users to see warnings and error pages.

Root stores, sometimes called “trust stores”, tell operating systems and applications what certification authorities to trust. The Chrome Root Store contains the set of root CA certificates Chrome trusts by default. 

A root program is a governance structure that establishes the requirements and security review functions needed to manage the corresponding root store. Members of the Chrome Security Team are responsible for the Chrome Root Program. Our program policy, which establishes the minimum requirements for CAs to be included in the Chrome Root Store, is publicly available here.  


Why is Chrome making these changes?

Historically, Chrome integrated with the root store and certificate verification process provided by the platform on which it was running. Standardizing the set of CAs trusted by Chrome across platforms through the transition to the Chrome Root Store, coupled with a consistent certificate verification experience through the use of the Chrome Certificate Verifier, will result in more consistent user and developer experiences. 

Launching the Chrome Root Program also represents our ongoing commitment to participating in and improving the Web PKI ecosystem. Innovations like ACME have made it easier than ever for website owners to obtain HTTPS certificates. Technologies like Certificate Transparency promote increased accountability and transparency, further improving security for Chrome’s users. These enhancements, only made possible through community collaboration, make the web a safer place. However, there’s still more work to be done. 

We want to work alongside CA owners to define and operationalize the next generation of the Web PKI. Our vision for the future includes modern, reliable, highly agile, purpose-driven PKIs that promote automation, simplicity, and security – and we formed the Chrome Root Program and corresponding policy to achieve these goals.


When are these changes taking place?

A “rollout” is a gradual launch of a new feature. Sometimes, to ensure it goes smoothly, we don’t enable a new feature for all of our users at once. Instead, we start with a small percentage of users and increase that percentage over time to ensure we minimize unanticipated compatibility issues. The Chrome Root Store and Certificate Verifier began rolling out on Windows and macOS in Chrome 105, with other platforms to follow.

Testing ahead of the rollout described above is possible on Windows and macOS using these instructions.


Will these changes impact me?

We expect the transition to the Chrome Root Store and Certificate Verifier to be seamless for most users, enterprises, and CA owners. 

The Chrome Certificate Verifier considers locally-managed certificates during the certificate verification process. This means if an enterprise distributes a root CA certificate as trusted to its users (for example, by a Windows Group Policy Object), it will be considered trusted in Chrome.

Troubleshooting procedures and other frequently asked questions are available here.


What’s next?

While we don’t know exactly what the future of the Web PKI will look like, we remain focused on promoting changes that increase speed, security, stability, and simplicity throughout the ecosystem.

With that in mind, the Chrome team continues to explore introducing future root program policy requirements related to the following initiatives:

  • Encouraging modern infrastructures and agility

  • Focusing on simplicity

  • Promoting automation

  • Reducing mis-issuance

  • Increasing accountability and ecosystem integrity

  • Streamlining and improving domain validation practices

  • Preparing for a “post-quantum” world

We look forward to continuing our collaboration with members of the CA/Browser Forum and other Web PKI ecosystem participants to make the Internet a safer place.



Posted by Ryan Dickson, Chris Clements, Emily Stark from Chrome Security

Unicode 15.0.0 adds more eyes to ꙮ

The character “ꙮ” (U+A66E) is being updated in version 15.0.0. Because it doesn’t have enough eyes. It needs to have three more eyes. This character is rare. Very, very rare. Rare enough to occur in a single phrase, in a single text written in an extinct language, Old Church Slavonic. The text is a copy of the Book of Psalms, written around 1429 and kept in Russia. Basically, in some old Slavic languages, authors would stylise the “O” in their word for eye (“ꙩкꙩ”) by adding a dot in the middle to make it look like an eye. If there were two eyes, two of these characters would be joined together (“ꙭчи”). The final evolution of this character was “ꙮ”, used only once in human history, in the phrase “серафими многоꙮчитїи”, which translates to “many-eyed seraphim”. Here’s how this relates to Unicode: the person who originally added this character to Unicode made a mistake, and didn’t count the number of eyes correctly. There should be ten eyes, not seven. This error was discovered in 2020, and now it has been corrected. Awesome.

Viral Video | Dad Jumps in to Join Daughter Dancing Without Partner on Stage in School Function

Dad Jumps in to Join Daughter Dancing Without Partner on Stage in School Function, Video goes Viral.

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Sistema de Luz Inteligente con Arduino y Tinkercad

✅ En este video aprenderemos a hacer un sistema de luz inteligente, utilizando un Arduino, sensor ultrasónico, y un led.

Código de programación de este video: https://github.com/MauroMA-99/Archivos_Arduino_Educatronicos/tree/main/sistema_de_luz_inteligente_21

Marcas de tiempo:
00:00 Introducción
00:27 Diseño en 3D en Tinkercad
01:12 Programación en Arduino
09:55 Simulación en Tinkercad

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İSTANBUL CHALLENGER TED OPEN ULUSLARARASI TENİS TURNUVASI’NDA ŞAMPİYON RADU ALBOT OLDU

İstanbul Tenis Eskrim Dağcılık Kulübü’nün ev sahipliğinde düzenlenen İstanbul Challenger TED Open Uluslararası Tenis Turnuvası sona erdi.
Bu yıl QNB Finansbank’ın katkılarıyla 74. kez düzenlenen turnuvada tek erkekler finalinde şampiyon Moldovalı tenisçi Radu Albot oldu.
Türkiye’nin en köklü spor organizasyonlarından biri olan İstanbul Challenger TED Open Uluslararası Tenis Turnuvası sona erdi. Bu yıl QNB Finansbank’ın katkılarıyla 74. kez Tenis Eskrim Dağcılık (TED) Spor Kulübü’nün ev sahipliğinde düzenlenen turnuvada yıldızlar sahne aldı. Eleme turu, ana-tablo ve çiftler de dahil olmak üzere 8 gün içerisinde 3 set üzerinden 74 maç oynandığı İstanbul Challenger TED Open Uluslararası Tenis Turnuvası’nda finalde Lukas Rosol (Çekya) ve Radu Albot (Moldova) karşı karşıya geldi.
Kıyasıya rekabetle geçen final maçında rakibini setlerde 2-0 yenen Radu Albot şampiyon oldu. Final maçının ardından ödül töreni düzenlendi.

https://www.haberler.com/spor/istanbul-challenger-ted-open-da-moldovali-tenisci-15289330-haberi/

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Linux command line for you and me

Linux command line for you and me is a book for newcomers to command line environment. Exactly as it says on the tin. This is a great, easy to use resource for command line use. Even though I’ve used Linux for more than two decades, and have been Linux-only for a few years now, I rarely use the command line, and having a resource like this in my back pocket for the few times I do dive into the command line is very nice – especially when you need to use some of the less obvious commands.